U.S. GAAP Codification of Accounting Standards

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U.S. GAAP Accounting Standards
Codification Topic 360-20: Real Estate Sales


Codification Topic 360-20
Real Estate Sales


Real Estate Sales

SFAS 66, October 1982
"Accounting for Sales of Real Estates"

FASB Interpretation (FIN) 43, June 1999
"Real Estate Sales
an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 66"


Full accrual method
--> profit is recognized in full 
--> when real estate is sold

Installment method
--> allocates each cash receipt
--> between "cost recovered" and "profit"

Cost recovery method
--> profit is not recognized
--> until cash payments exceed the seller's cost of property

Deposit method
--> cash receipts are recorded as a "deposit"
--> until the sale is consummated

Reduced profit method
--> receivable from buyer is discounted to present value
--> profit is recognized from level payment on the buyer's debt
--> over the maximum term


Two types of real estate sales
1. Retail land sales
2. Real estate sales "other than retail land sales"


Retail land sales

1. Full accrual method is used
--> if all of the conditions (A) are satisfied

2. Percentage-of-completion method is used 
--> if all of the conditions (B) are satisfied

3. Installment method is used
--> if all of the conditions (C) are satisfied


Conditions (A)
a1. Refund period has expired
a2. Cumulative payments are sufficient
a3. Receivable are collectible
a4. Receivables are not subject to subordination
a5. Seller is not obligated to complete improvements

Conditions (B)
b1. Refund period has expired
b2. Cumulative payments ≥ 10%
b3. Receivables are collectible
b4. Receivables are not subject to subordination
b5. Progress on improvements
b6. Development is practical

Conditions (C) 
c1. Refund period has expired
c2. Cumulative payments ≥ 10%
c3. Seller is financially capable


Real estate sales "other than land sales"

1. Full accrual method is used 
--> if all of the conditions (D) are satisfied

2. Deposit method is used
--> if the sale is not consummated
--> sale is consummated when the conditions (E) are satisfied

3. When the buyer's initial investment 
--> does not meet the conditions (F)

3a. if the recovery of the property cost is reasonably assured
--> use installment method

3b. if the recovery of the property cost is not reasonably assured
--> use cost recovery method or deposit method

4. When the buyer's initial investment 
--> meets the conditions (F)

4a. if buyer's continuing investment is qualified
--> but meets the conditions (G)
--> use reduced profit method

4b. if buyer's continuing investment is not qualified
--> and does not meet the conditions (G)
--> use installment method or cost recovery method

5. If seller's receivable is subject to future subordination
--> use cost recovery method

6. If seller has continuing involvement with the property
--> use appropriate method
--> to reflect the nature of extent of the seller's continuing involvement


Conditions (D)
d1. Sale is consummated
d2. Buyer's initial and continuing investments are adequate
d3. Receivable is not subject to future subordination
d4. "Risks and rewards" of ownership have been transferred

Conditions (E)
e1. the contract is binding
e2. considerations have been exchanged
e3. permanent financing has been arranged
e4. closing conditions have been met

Conditions (F)
f1. buyer's initial investment is adequate
f2. buyer's initial investment includes appropriate items only

Conditions (G) 
buyer's payments cover both g1 and g2
g1. "principal and interest" amortization on the maximum first mortgage loan
g2. "interest" on the debt in excess of first mortgage loan



   Codification Topic 360
   Property, Plant, and Equipment
 
Subtopics of Codification Topic 360
 
   360-10 Overall
   360-20 Real estate sales   
 
Accounting Terms of Codification Topic 360-10
 
   Activities
   Asset group
   Component of an equity
   Disposal group
   Firm purchase commitment
   Impairment
   Integral equipment
   Operating segment
   Probable
   Reporting unit
 
Accounting Terms of Codification Topic 360-20
 
   Cost recovery method
   Deposit method
   Installment method
   Reduced-profit method   


   Other Topics at the Codification 300 
Accounting Standards Codification, ASC, Overview
 
ASC Codification Topic 305: Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
ASC Codification Topic 310: Receivables
 
ASC Codification Topic 320: Investments-Debt and Equity Securities
ASC Codification Topic 323: Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures
ASC Codification Topic 325: Investments-Other
 
ASC Codification Topic 330: Inventory
 
ASC Codification Topic 340: Other Assets and Deferred Costs
 
ASC Codification Topic 350: Intangibles-Goodwill and Other
 
ASC Codification Topic 360: Property, Plant, and Equipment

   U.S. GAAP Codification of Accounting Standards
Accounting Standards Codification, ASC, Overview
ASC Codification 200: Presentation
ASC Codification 300: Assets
ASC Codification 400: Liabilities
ASC Codification 500: Equity
ASC Codification 600: Revenue
ASC Codification 700: Expenses
ASC Codification 800: Broad Transactions
ASC Codification 900: Industry

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